Relational Sandplay Therapy and Preverbal Trauma

Relational Sandplay Therapy is an advanced, post-Kalffian[1] theory for working with preverbal trauma. This kind of trauma is usually due to early maternal deprivation, and is also called early relational trauma.

Kalsched (1996, p. 1) defines this kind of trauma as

“any experience that causes the child unbearable psychic pain or anxiety. Trauma of this magnititude varies from